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Issue 32. March - April 1999 | |
CONTROL SYSTEM TO IMPROVE MISSILE COMPLEX EFFECTIVENESS |
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Alexander Zimin, First Deputy Director and Chief Designer of the Central Research Institute of Automatics and Hydraulics |
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A high rate of changes in the disposition and state of firing elements during fire attack delivery necessitates the processing of a large volume of data for control over units and subunits. |
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 he current tendency to reduce nuclear and conventional forces and arms generates a need for substantial changes in fire missions executed by advanced theater missiles. The scope of fire missions increases as well. An effective engagement zone for all elementary targets in the enemy area is unattainable owing to excessive missile expenditure. Hence the notions «destroyed combination» and «engagement with pinpoint accuracy» to describe fire missions, when the destruction of one or several elementary targets makes the entire group objective ineffective in terms of its main functions. Attaining this aim calls for radically new target designation (TD) technologies to be embodied in the missile complex control system. They are based on information derived from space and air-based reconnaissance facilities and other reconnaissance carriers, and computed at a data processing post (DPP). To meet the requirements for missile accuracy, terrain comparison and map matching guidance systems (TCMMGS) and reference preparation posts (RPP) have been established.
The augmented scope of fire missions executed by precision-guided missiles has changed the approach to combat planning. To ensure high missile efficiency, multiple launchers and transporter-loaders have been developed, while the nature and scope of missions performed by the control system during combat employment planning have been radically revised. The advent of highly efficient reconnaissance facilities and ground- and air-based precision-guided weapons has called for due account of defensive counteraction while delivering a strike. Therefore, the planning of combat employment of the precision-guided missile complex control system must include an estimate of the minimum essential manpower and equipment, an outline of strike delivery and assets needed for its implementation, a forecast of losses in fire weapons when affected by hostile fire and an estimate of reserves to compensate for these losses. It should also provide recommendations for echelonment and control, as well as variants on the disposition of firing elements and organization of the launch area ensuring the minimum time to deliver a fire attack, while minimizing the losses inflicted by defensive counteraction.
A high rate of changes in the disposition and state of firing elements during fire attack delivery necessitates the processing of a large volume of data for control over units and subunits. This has called for the creation of an automated control equipment complex (ACEC) which is mounted on the command and staff vehicle (CSV). Here, information is processed and submitted to authorities in a form suitable to make decisions with regard to all the factors reflecting the real combat situation.
The most important factor of «selective strikes» by precision-
guided weapons against the vital elements determining the fighting efficiency of an objective as a whole is the check of missile strike effect which helps close control over precision-guided missiles on the feedback principle. In our opinion, this problem can be radically solved on the basis of technical supplemental reconnaissance and monitoring facilities integrated into the missile complex control loop. It would appreciably enhance the fire attack effect.
The main functions of the control system for a precision-guided theater missile complex can be illustrated by a diagram.
Such an approach to the precision-guided missile complex control system is essential not only for the creation of more advanced and modernized theater missile complexes, but for the troops and weapons control systems at the operational and tactical levels. The Central Research Institute of Automatics and Hydraulics has accumulated the required scientific and engineering potential and has developed requisite technical facilities: a command and staff vehicle, data processing post, reference preparation post, ground-based control system (GCS), onboard control system (OCS), terrain comparison and map matching guidance system, and an operational control and communications system (OCCS). These facilities are recommended as a foundation for future control systems.
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