eveloped in the 1970s, the
P-18 radar is still one of the principal surveillance and targeting radars used by Russia s air defense (AD) and air traffic control (ATC) systems. The radar has won fame owing to its prominent technical characteristics, reliability and simplicity of operation.
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| Remote data reception and display kit |
However, emergence of new air threats and advanced electronic countermeasures (ECM) has spurred the development of more capable ground-based radars.
To raise the P-18 radar capabilities to the level of existing and future requirements, and to extend its service life, the Nitel JSC, Nizhni Novgorod, and the Technological Cooperation Center of Radio and Electronics Complex JSC, Moscow, have made the following improvements to the radar:
the radar s jamming immunity has been increased by more than
a factor of 100;
clutter rejection system operating efficiency and stability have been enhanced owing to the replacement of analog equipment by digital equipment;
radar data readout and air target track generation have been automated;
the radar is provided with remote air data collection, processing and display facilities;
ground radar interrogator is built around new circuit components and can be operated as part of the international identification system;
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| Upgraded ground radar interrogator |
some units are based on modern components providing for higher performance characteristics.
For the upgraded P-18 radar characteristics, compared to those of the basic version, refer to Table 1.
The upgrades to the P-18 radars and their modificatios can be done stage-by-stage in 1999 to customer specifications directly at their operating sites.
Moreover, the Nitel JSC, manufacturer of the P-18 radar, offers renovation packages to extend its service life for another 10 years and guaranteed supply of spare parts.
The proposed comprehensive modernization (retrofit) of the P-18 radar will significantly enhance its capability to detect current and future air threats in severe ECM conditions, including stealth aircraft; maintain its competitiveness until 2010, and extend its service life for 15 to 20 years, which is particularly important for countries with limited financial resources.
P-18 Radar Performance Characteristics Table 1
| Characteristic |
Basic version |
Upgraded version |
Active jamming immunity:
target acquisition range in the presence of enemy electronic countermeasures with the
total spectral density of 200 W/MHz and nominal range of 200 km at target altitude, m:
3,000
10,000
20,000 |
fails to detect
fails to detect |
84 km
150 km
162 km |
| Number of suppressed jamming vectors |
no |
4 |
| Cancellation ratio (at signal/noise ratio of 25-40 dB) |
0 |
23-33 |
| Passive noise immunity: operating range, km |
0-150 |
0-350 |
| clutter suppression coefficient, dB |
20 |
30 |
| design elements |
storage tubes |
microcircuits |
| Automation of data readout: automatic primary and secondary signal
processing and MTI mode |
no |
yes |
| automatic detection and tracking of jammers |
no |
yes |
| automatic measurement and indication of target altitude |
no |
yes |
| Target positioning errors: horizontal coordinates |
at least 3,000 m |
400 m |
| altitude |
at least 2,000 m |
800 m |
| speed component |
no |
20 m/s |
Automatic data collection and processing:
situation plotting board |
yes |
no |
| data delay (after target acquisition) |
5-8 min or more |
20-30 s |
| data update rate |
2-4 min |
10 s |
| simultaneously tracked targets |
10-15 |
120 |
| coordinate indication error, km |
6-12 |
0.8 |
| data exchange between several systems |
no |
yes |
| data recording |
no |
yes |
IFF system:
international mode |
no |
yes |
| simulation resistance |
no |
yes |
| identification accuracy |
not more than 0.9 |
at least 0.97 |
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